This part of the Ottoman Empire refers to Ottoman writers and scholars, specifically Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun was a Muslim scholar who was born in Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. He wrote many pieces of literature but few of them are read except his autobiography and his history. Kitab al-‘ibar meaning The Historical Book of Lessons, was a seven-volume universal encyclopedia about world history during his time period. The only problem was most of his sources were from Muslim civilization lacking sources. Ibn Khaldun however consulted others and translated Latin works into Muslim allowing him to find out about Rome which was not studied by the Muslims. From this, he also realized how each civilization has a different way of thinking. His major accomplishment would be his first volume of his encyclopedia, al-Muqaddimah. It defined the foundation of history as a social science. Observing the basis of empires around his time, he had created a complex theory of how states rise and fall basing his theory around his concept of ‘asabiyyah or group feeling. His work explains the rise and fall of various kingdoms. His concept not only applies to elite kingdoms but also to people. Ibn Khaldun can often be called "The Father of Sociology" His work was widely read in Egypt during his lifetime and later introduced to and became influential to the Ottoman Empire and Europe in the beginning of the nineteenth century.